ગંધક: આવૃત્તિઓ વચ્ચેનો તફાવત

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'''Sulfurગંધક''' orકે '''sulphurસલ્ફર''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˈ|s|ʌ|l|f|ər}} {{respell|SUL|fər}}; [[#Spelling and etymology|''see spelling below'']]) is the [[chemical element]] with atomic number 16, represented by the symbol '''S'''. It is an [[Abundance of the chemical elements|abundant]], [[Valence (chemistry)|multivalent]] [[non-metal]]. At [[Standard conditions for temperature and pressure|normal conditions]], sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S<sub>8</sub>. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow [[crystal]]line solid. Chemically, sulfur can react as either an [[oxidant]] or [[reducing agent]]. It oxidizes most [[metal]]s and several [[nonmetal]]s, including carbon, which leads to its negatives charge in most [[organosulfur compound]]s, but it reduces several strong oxidants, such as [[oxygen]] and [[fluorine]].
 
In [[nature]], sulfur can be found as the pure element and as [[sulfide]] and [[sulfate]] minerals. Elemental sulfur crystals are commonly sought after by mineral collectors for their brightly colored [[polyhedron]] shapes. Being abundant in native form, sulfur was known in ancient times, mentioned for its uses in [[ancient Greece]], [[ancient China|China]] and [[ancient Egypt|Egypt]]. Sulfur fumes were used as fumigants, and sulfur-containing medicinal mixtures were used as balms and antiparasitics. Sulfur is referenced in the [[Bible]] as '''brimstone''' in [[English language|English]], with this name still used in several nonscientific terms.<ref name=Greenwd/> Sulfur was considered important enough to receive its own [[alchemical symbol]]. It was needed to make the best quality of [[gunpowder|black gunpowder]], and the bright yellow powder was hypothesized by alchemists to contain some of the properties of gold, which they sought to synthesize from it. In 1777, [[Antoine Lavoisier]] helped convince the scientific community that sulfur was a basic element, rather than a compound.
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