બૌદ્ધ ધર્મ: આવૃત્તિઓ વચ્ચેનો તફાવત

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[[બોધગયા]] નગરમાં આ ધર્મનું ધર્મસ્થાન છે. આ ધર્મનો પ્રાચિન ધર્મગ્રંથ '[[ટ્રીપીતક]]' છે જે [[પાલી ભાષા]]માં લખાયો છે. આ ધર્મના ધર્મસ્થાનને પેગોડા કહે છે. બૌદ્ધ ધર્મનો હેતુ આત્માને પામવાનો છે અને તેમના જીવનમાં સત્યનું અને સાદગીનું મહત્વ છે. તેના માર્ગને [['અષટઆત' માર્ગ]] કહે છે. આ ધર્મમાં [[ધ્યાન]]નું સવિશેષ મહત્વ છે. [[વિપ્શના]] ધ્યાનની રીતનો ફેલાવો [[ભગવાન બુદ્ધે]] કર્યો હતો.
'''Buddhism''' is a [[religion]] indigenous to the [[Indian subcontinent]] that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices largely based on teachings attributed to [[Gautama Buddha|Siddhartha Gautama]], who is commonly known as the Buddha, meaning "the awakened one". The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern part of the [[Indian subcontinent]] sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE.<ref>"Buddhism". (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved November 26, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition.</ref> He is recognized by Buddhists as an [[Bodhi|awakened]] or enlightened teacher who shared his insights to help [[Sentient beings (Buddhism)|sentient beings]] end their suffering ([[dukkha]]) through the elimination of ignorance ([[Avidyā (Buddhism)|avidyā]]) by way of understanding and the seeing of dependent origination ([[pratītyasamutpāda]]) and the elimination of desire ([[taṇhā]]), and thus the attainment of the cessation of all suffering, known as the sublime state of [[nirvana|nirvāņa]].<ref>Gethin (1998), ''Foundations'', pp. 27–28, pp. 73–74</ref>
 
Two major branches of Buddhism are generally recognized: [[Theravada]] ("The School of the Elders") and [[Mahayana]] ("The Great Vehicle"). Theravada has a widespread following in [[Buddhism in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]] and [[Buddhism in Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]] (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar etc.). Mahayana is found throughout [[Buddhism in East Asia|East Asia]] (China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Singapore, Taiwan etc.) and includes the traditions of [[Pure Land Buddhism|Pure Land]], [[Zen]], [[Nichiren Buddhism]], [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[Shingon]], and [[Tiantai]] ([[Tendai]]). In some classifications, [[Vajrayana]]—practiced mainly in [[Tibet]] and [[Mongolia]], and adjacent parts of [[Buddhism in China|China]] and [[Buddhism in Russia|Russia]]—is recognized as a third branch, while others classify it as a part of Mahayana.
 
While Buddhism remains most popular within Asia and India, both branches are now found throughout the world. Estimates of Buddhists worldwide vary significantly depending on the way Buddhist adherence is defined. Estimates range from 350 million to 1.6 billion, with 350–550 million the most widely accepted figure. Buddhism is also recognized as one of the [[Growth of religion|fastest growing religions]] in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.proutglobe.org/2012/01/buddhism-may-regain-its-status-as-the-worlds-largest-religion/ |title=Buddhism May Regain Its Status as the World’s Largest Religion |publisher=PROUT Globe |date= |accessdate=2013-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Beckford |first=Martin |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/5977093/Buddhism-is-fastest-growing-religion-in-English-jails-over-past-decade.html |title=Buddhism is fastest-growing religion in English jails over past decade |publisher=Telegraph |date= |accessdate=2013-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/10418 |title=Buddhism fastest growing religion in West |publisher=Asian Tribune |date=2008-04-07 |accessdate=2013-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/stateline/wa/content/2006/s1947996.htm |title=Stateline Western Australia |publisher=Abc.net.au |date= |accessdate=2013-06-18}}</ref>
 
[[Schools of Buddhism|Buddhist schools]] vary on the exact nature of the path to [[Nirvana|liberation]], the importance and [[Buddhist texts|canonicity of various teachings and scriptures]], and especially their respective practices.<ref>Robinson et al., ''Buddhist Religions'', page xx; ''Philosophy East and West'', vol 54, ps 269f; Williams, ''Mahayana Buddhism'', Routledge, 1st ed., 1989, pp. 275f (2nd ed., 2008, p. 266)</ref> The foundations of Buddhist tradition and practice are the [[Three Jewels]]: the Buddha, the [[Dharma (Buddhism)|Dharma]] (the teachings), and the [[Sangha]] (the community). Taking "[[Refuge (Buddhism)|refuge]] in the triple gem" has traditionally been a declaration and commitment to being on the Buddhist path, and in general distinguishes a Buddhist from a non-Buddhist.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=qjbBKG06To0C&pg=PA111#v=onepage&q= |title=Light of Wisdom|publisher=Rangjung Yeshe Publications |year=2004|accessdate=2010-08-25|isbn=978-962-7341-37-6|author=Padmasambhava, Jamgon Kongtrul, Erik Pema Kunsang}}</ref> Other practices may include following [[sīla|ethical precepts]]; [[Dana (Buddhism)|support of the monastic community]]; [[Nekkhamma|renouncing]] conventional living and becoming a [[Buddhist monasticism|monastic]]; the development of [[Mindfulness (Buddhism)|mindfulness]] and practice of [[Buddhist meditation|meditation]]; cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment; study of scriptures; [[Buddhist devotion|devotional]] practices; ceremonies; and in the Mahayana tradition, invocation of buddhas and [[bodhisattva]]s.
== આ પણ જુઓ ==
* [[પાલિ ભાષા]]