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સોક્રેટિસ: આવૃત્તિઓ વચ્ચેનો તફાવત

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[[ચિત્ર:Socrates Louvre.jpg|thumbnail|right|સોક્રેટિસ]]
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મહાન ગ્રીક તત્ત્વજ્ઞાની તથા [[પ્લેટો]]ના ગુરુ '''સોક્રેટિસ''' ({{pronEngIPAc-en|ˈsɑkrətiːzˈ|s|ɒ|k|r|ə|t|iː|z}};<ref>Jones, Daniel; Roach, Peter, James Hartman and Jane Setter, eds. ''Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary''. 17th edition. Cambridge UP, 2006.</ref> અંગ્રેજી:ˈsɑkrətiːz; [[ગ્રિકગ્રીક મૂળાક્ષરો|Greekગ્રીક]]: {{Polytonic|Σωκράτης}}, ''Sōkrátēs''; c. 469૪૬૯ BC–ઈ.પૂ.–<!--PLEASEઆ તારીખ ફેરવતા પહેલાં અંગ્રેજી SEEવિકિ TALKપરનાં BEFOREઆ CHANGINGલેખની FOLLOWINGચર્ચા DATEજુઓ-->399૩૯૯ BCઈ.પૂ.<ref name="enc1911" />){{cite પશ્ચિમીweb|url તત્વજ્ઞાન= ના પ્રણેતા માનવામાં આવે છેhttps://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Socrates
|publisher = 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica|title = Socrates|year=1911|accessdate = 2012-09-13}}</ref>) પશ્ચિમી તત્વજ્ઞાન ના પ્રણેતા માનવામાં આવે છે. સોક્રેટિસનો જન્મ ડેમ (Deme), એલોપેસ (Alopece), પ્રાચીન એથેન્સમાં ઈ.પૂ. ૪૬૯માં થયો હતો. ૩૯૯ ઈ.પૂ. આશરે ૭૧ વર્ષની આયુએ પ્રાચીન એથેન્સમાં તેમનું અવસાન થયું. તેઓ પાશ્ચાત્ય દર્શનશાસ્ત્ર કે તત્ત્વચિંતનનાં પ્રણેતાઓમાંના એક ગણાય છે.
 
== નોંધ અને સંદર્ભો ==
 
== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
== References ==
<div class="references-small" >
* {{cite book
| last = Brun
| first = Jean
| title = Socrate
| publisher = Presses universitaires de France
|date=1978 (sixth edition)
| pages = 39–40
| isbn = 2-13-035620-6 }} {{Languageicon|fr|French}}
* Coppens, Philip, [http://www.philipcoppens.com/socrates.html "Socrates, that’s the question,"] Feature Articles - Biographies, PhilipCoppens.com.
* {{cite book | last = May | first = Hope | title = On Socrates | publisher = Wadsworth | location = Belmont, CA | year = 2000 | isbn = 0534576044}}
* {{cite book | last = Ong | first = Walter | title = Orality and Literacy | publisher = Routledge | location = New York | year = 2002 | isbn = 0415281296 }}
* Kagan, Donald. The Fall of the Athenian Empire. First. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1987.
* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Paus.+1.1.1 Description of Greece]''. W. H. S. Jones (translator). [[Loeb Classical Library]]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. (1918). Vol. 1. Books I–II: ISBN 0-674-99104-4. Vol. 4. Books VIII.22–X: ISBN 0-674-99328-4.
* [[Thucydides]]; ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War|The Peloponnesian War]]''. London, J. M. Dent; New York, E. P. Dutton. 1910.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Thuc.+toc &nbsp;]
* {{cite book | last = Vlastos | first = Gregory | title = Socrates, Ironist and Moral Philosopher | publisher = Cornell University Press | location = Ithaca | year = 1991 | isbn = 0801497876 }}
 
</div>
 
== આ પણ જુઓ ==
<div class="references-small" >
* Bernas, Richard, cond. ''Socrate''. By Erik Satie. LTM/Boutique, 2006
* Bruell, C. (1994). “On Plato’s Political Philosophy,” ''Review of Politics'', 56: 261-82.
* Bruell, C. (1999). ''On the Socratic Education: An Introduction to the Shorter Platonic Dialogues'', Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
* Grube, G.M.A.(2002). " Plato, Five Dialogues". Hackett Publishing Company, Inc.
* Hanson, V.D. (2001). "Socrates Dies at Delium, 424 B.C.," ''What If? 2'', Robert Cowley, editor, G.P. Putnam's Sons, NY.
* [[Kieran Egan|Egan, K.]] ''[[The Educated Mind|The educated mind : how cognitive tools shape our understanding]]''. (1997) University of Chicago Press, Chicago. ISBN 0-226-19036-6 p. 137-144
* {{cite book | last = Kierkegaard | first = Soren | title = The Concept of Irony: with Constant Reference to Socrates | publisher = Indiana University Press | location = Bloomington | year = 1968 | isbn = 9780253201119 }}
* {{cite book | last = Levinson | first = Paul | title = The Plot to Save Socrates | publisher = Tor Books | location = New York | year = 2007 | isbn = 0765311976 }}
* Luce, J.V. (1992). ''An Introduction to Greek Philosophy'', Thames & Hudson, NY.
* [[Jacques Maritain|Maritain, J.]] (1930, 1991). ''Introduction to Philosophy'', Christian Classics, Inc., Westminster, MD.
* {{cite book | last = Robinson | first = R | title = Plato's Earlier Dialectic | publisher = Clarendon Press | location = Oxford | year = 1953 | isbn = 9780198247777 }} [http://www.ditext.com/robinson/dia2.html Ch. 2: "Elenchus"], [http://www.ditext.com/robinson/dia3.html Ch. 3: "Elenchus: Direct and Indirect"]
* Taylor, C.C.W. , [[R. M. Hare|Hare, R.M.]] & [[Jonathan Barnes|Barnes, J.]] (1998). ''Greek Philosophers — Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle'', Oxford University Press, NY.
* Taylor, C.C.W. (2001). ''Socrates: A very short introduction''. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
</div>
 
== બાહ્ય કડિઓ ==
{{commons|Socrates|સોક્રેટિસ}}
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.amengansie.com/sacrates.html Original Fresque of Socrates in Archaeological Museum of Ephesus]
Line ૬૧ ⟶ ૨૪:
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/socrates/ ''Socrates''], from [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] (2005)
* [http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=-2808374571100926940&hl=en&fs=true Video on Socratic method]
 
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