અમેરિસીયમ: આવૃત્તિઓ વચ્ચેનો તફાવત

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નવું પાનું : '''Americium''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˌ|æ|m|ə|ˈ|r|ɪ|s|i|ə|m}} {{respell|AM|ə|RIS|ee-əm}}) is a synthetic element that has the symbol '''Am''' and [[atomic num...
 
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'''Americium''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˌ|æ|m|ə|ˈ|r|ɪ|s|i|ə|m}} {{respell|AM|ə|RIS|ee-əm}}) is a [[synthetic element]] that has the symbol '''Am''' and [[atomic number]] 95. This [[transuranic element]] of the [[actinide]] series is located in the [[periodic table]] below the [[lanthanide]] element [[europium]], and thus by analogy was named after another continent, [[Americas|America]].<ref>{{cite journal|title = The Transuranium Elements|first = Glenn T.|last = Seaborg|journal = Science|volume = 104|issue = 2704|year = 1946|pages = 379–386|doi = 10.1126/science.104.2704.379|pmid = 17842184|jstor = 1675046|bibcode = 1946Sci...104..379S }}</ref>
'''અમેરિસીયમ'''એ એક [[કૃત્રીમ તત્વ]] છે જેની સંજ્ઞા '''Am''' અને [[અણુ ક્ર્માંક]] ૯૫ છે. આ એક એક્ટિનાઈડ શ્રેણીનું [[ટ્રાંસ-યુરેનિક તત્વ ]] છે આ તત્વ આવર્તન કોઠામાં યુરોપીયમની નીચે આવેલ હોવાથી આનું નામ એક અન્ય ખંડ અમિરેકા પરથી પડાયું.<ref>{{cite journal|title = The Transuranium Elements|first = Glenn T.|last = Seaborg|journal = Science|volume = 104|issue = 2704|year = 1946|pages = 379–386|doi = 10.1126/science.104.2704.379|pmid = 17842184|jstor = 1675046|bibcode = 1946Sci...104..379S }}</ref>
 
Americiumઆનું wasસૌ firstપ્રથમ producedઉત્પાદન in૧૯૪૪ 1944માં byગ્લેન theટી groupસીબોર્ગ ofદ્વારા [[Glennકેલિફોર્નિયા T. Seaborg]] at the [[University ofવિશ્વવિદ્યાલયમાં California,કરવામાં Berkeley]]આવ્યું. Although itટ્રાંસ isયુરેનિક theતત્વોની thirdશ્રેણીમાં elementત્રીજું inતત્વ the [[transuranicછે element|transuranicપણ series]],આની itશોધ wasચોથા discoveredતત્વ fourth,ક્યૂરીયમ afterપછી theથઈ heavier [[curium]]હતી. The discovery wasઆની keptશોધ secretગુપ્ત andરખાઈ onlyહતી releasedઅને toતેની theઘોષણા publicનવેંબર in૧૯૪૫માં Novemberકરવામાં 1945આવી. Most americium is produced by bombarding [[uranium]] or [[plutonium]] with [[alpha particle]]s in [[nuclear reactor]]s – one [[tonne]] of spent [[nuclear fuel]] contains about 100&nbsp;grams of americium. It is widely used in commercial [[ionization chamber]] [[smoke detectors]], as well as in [[neutron source]]s and industrial gauges. Several unusual applications, such as a nuclear battery or fuel for space ships with nuclear propulsion, have been proposed for the [[isotope]] <sup>242m</sup>Am, but they are as yet hindered by the scarcity and high price of this [[nuclear isomer]].
 
Americium is a relatively soft [[Radioactive decay|radioactive]] metal with silvery-white appearance. Its most common isotopes are <sup>241</sup>Am and <sup>243</sup>Am. In chemical compounds, they usually assume the [[oxidation state]] +3, especially in solutions. Several other oxidation states are known, which range from +2 to +7 and can be identified by their characteristic [[optical absorption]] spectra. The crystal lattice of solid americium and its compounds contains intrinsic defects, which are induced by self-irradiation with alpha particles and accumulate with time; this results in a drift of some material properties.