ઇથિયોપિયા: આવૃત્તિઓ વચ્ચેનો તફાવત

{{contains Ethiopic text}}

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Ethiopia is one of the oldest sites of human existence known to scientists.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/news050214-10 |title=Ethiopia is top choice for cradle of Homo sapiens |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |date=16 February 2005 |author=Michael Hopkin}}</ref> It may be the region from which ''Homo sapiens'' [[Out of Africa theory|first set out]] for the [[Middle East]] and points beyond.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Worldwide Human Relationships Inferred from Genome-Wide Patterns of Variation |journal=Science |year=2008 |volume=319 |issue=5866 |pages=1100–1104 |doi=10.1126/science.1153717 |author=Li, J. Z. |pmid=18292342 |last2=Absher |first2=DM |last3=Tang |first3=H |last4=Southwick |first4=AM |last5=Casto |first5=AM |last6=Ramachandran |first6=S |last7=Cann |first7=HM |last8=Barsh |first8=GS |last9=Feldman |first9=M |bibcode=2008Sci...319.1100L}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=awJVkvnk8KjM&refer=australia |title=Humans Moved From Africa Across Globe, DNA Study Says |publisher=Bloomberg.com |date=2008-02-21 |accessdate=2009-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Karen Kaplan |work=Los Angeles Times |url=http://www.startribune.com/world/15860017.html |title=Around the world from Addis Ababa |publisher=Startribune.com |date=2008-02-21 |accessdate=2009-03-16}}</ref> Until the end of [[Haile Selassie I]]'s reign in 1974, Ethiopia was a [[monarchy]] for most of its [[History of Ethiopia|history]]&mdash;tracing its roots to the 2nd century BC.<ref>Speaking after his signing the disputed treaty between Ethiopia and Italy in 1889, Emperor Menelik II made clear his position: "We cannot permit our integrity as a Christian and civilized nation to be questioned, nor the right to govern our empire in absolute independence. The Emperor of Ethiopia is a descendant of a dynasty that is 3,000 years old&nbsp;– a dynasty that during all that time has never submitted to an outsider. Ethiopia has never been conquered and she never shall be conquered by anyone." J.E.C. Hayford, [http://books.google.com/books?id=7zaniYN-kqUC&pg=PR25 ''Ethiopia Unbound: Studies In Race Emancipation''], Taylor & Francis, 1969, ISBN 0714617539, p. xxv</ref> Alongside Rome, Persia, China and India,<ref>Ancient India, A History Textbook for Class XI, Ram Sharan Sharma, National Council of Educational Research and Training, India</ref> the [[Kingdom of Aksum]] was one of the great world powers of the 3rd century and the first major empire in the world to officially adopt Christianity as a state religion in the 4th century.<ref name="Munro-Hay57">Stuart Munro-Hay, [http://www.dskmariam.org/artsandlitreature/litreature/pdf/aksum.pdf Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity]. Edinburgh: University Press, 1991, p. 57 ISBN 0-7486-0106-6.</ref><ref>[http://workmall.com/wfb2001/ethiopia/ethiopia_history_ethiopia_and_the_early_islamic_period.html Aksumite Ethiopia]. Workmall.com (2007-03-24). Retrieved on 2012-03-03.</ref><ref name="Paul B. Henze 2005">Paul B. Henze, ''Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia'', 2005 ISBN 1-85065-522-7.</ref> During the [[Scramble for Africa]], Ethiopia was the only African country beside [[Liberia]] that retained its [[sovereignty]] as a recognized independent country, and was one of only four African members of the [[League of Nations]]. Ethiopia then became a founding member of the [[United Nations|UN]]. When other African nations gained their independence following [[World War II]], many of them adopted the colors of Ethiopia's flag, and Addis Ababa became the location of several global organizations focused on Africa. Ethiopia is one of the founding members of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], [[Group of 77|G-77]] and the [[Organisation of African Unity]]. Addis Ababa is currently the headquarters of the [[African Union]], the Pan African Chamber of Commerce, [[UNECA]] and the [[African Standby Force]]. -->