આ મદદ પાનું ગુજરાતી ભાષાના ઇન્ટરનેશનલ ફોનેટિક આલ્ફાબેટ (IPA) ઉચ્ચારણોનું મદદ પાનું છે. વધુ માહિતી માટે જુઓ: {{IPA-gu}}
વ્યંજન
|
---|
IPA |
ગુજરાતી |
IAST |
અંગ્રેજી અનુરૂપ
|
---|
b
|
બ |
b |
bat
| bʱ
|
ભ |
bh |
abhor
| β[૧] |
ભ |
bh |
somewhat like averse
| d
|
દ |
d |
dog
| ð[૧] |
ધ |
dh |
other
| dʱ
|
ધ |
dh |
adhere
| ɖ
|
ડ |
ḍ |
somewhat like cord
| ɖʱ
|
ઢ |
ḍh |
somewhat like guardhouse
| dʒ
|
જ |
j |
jack
| dʒʱ
|
ઝ |
jh |
hedgehog
| f[૧] |
ફ |
ph |
afraid
| ɡ
|
ગ |
g |
gate
| ɡʱ
|
ઘ |
gh |
egg head
| ɣ[૧] |
ઘ |
gh |
go, but without completely blocking airflow on the g
| h
|
ઃ |
ḥ |
head
| ɦ
|
હ |
h |
ahead
| j
|
ય |
y |
yak
| k
|
ક |
k |
scold
| kʰ
|
ખ |
kh |
cold
| l
|
લ |
l |
leaf
| ɭ
|
ળ |
l |
somewhat like Merlin
| m
|
મ |
m |
much
| n
|
ન |
n |
not
| ɳ
|
ણ |
ṇ |
somewhat like burner
| ɲ
|
ઞ |
ñ |
canyon
| ŋ
|
ઙ |
ṅ |
bank
| p
|
પ |
p |
span
| pʰ
|
ફ |
ph |
pan
| ɾ
|
ર |
r |
butter (American English)
| ɽ[૨] |
ડ |
ḍ |
somewhat like murder
| ɽʱ[૨] |
ઢ |
ḍh |
somewhat like guardhouse
| ɽ̃[૨] |
ણ |
ṇ |
as above, but nasal
| s[૩] |
સ |
s |
sue
| ʂ[૩] |
ષ |
ṣ |
somewhat like worship
| ʃ[૩] |
શ |
ś |
sheep
| t
|
ત |
t |
stop
| tʰ
|
થ |
th |
top
| ʈ
|
ટ |
ṭ |
somewhat like court
| ʈʰ
|
ઠ |
ṭh |
somewhat like tree
| tʃ
|
ચ |
c |
somewhat like catch
| tʃʰ
|
છ |
ch |
cheese
| ʋ
|
વ |
v |
vine
|
|
સ્વર
|
---|
IPA |
ગુજરાતી |
IAST |
અંગ્રેજી અનુરૂપ
|
---|
ɑ
|
આ, કા |
ā |
bra
| æ
|
|
|
cash
| e
|
એ, કે |
e |
pay
| ɛ
|
ઍ, કૅ |
â |
bed
| ə
|
અ, ક |
a |
about
| i
|
ઇ/ ઈ, કિ/ કી |
i |
see
| o
|
ઓ, કો |
o |
story
| ɔ
|
ઑ, કૉ |
ô |
off
| u
|
ઉ/ ઊ, કુ/ કૂ |
u |
look
| əj
|
ઐ, કૈ |
ai |
Somewhat like kite
| əʋ
|
ઔ, કૌ |
au |
Somewhat like house
|
|
- ↑ ૧.૦ ૧.૧ ૧.૨ ૧.૩ The voiced aspirated stops /ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/ and /pʰ/ have spirant allophones [ɣ, ð, β, f].Cardona & Suthar (2003:665)
- ↑ ૨.૦ ૨.૧ ૨.૨ The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal /ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/ have flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991:97).
- ↑ ૩.૦ ૩.૧ ૩.૨ While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658)
- ↑ Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662) Mistry (2003:116).
- Cardona, George; Suthar, Babu (2003), "Gujarati", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh, The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, https://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&pg=PA659&dq=indo-aryan+languages
- Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2, https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=indo-aryan+languages
- Mistry, P.J. (1997), "Gujarati Phonology", in Kaye, A.S, Phonologies of Asia and Africa, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns
- Mistry, P.J. (2003), "Gujarati", in Frawley, William, International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, 2 (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press